Expandable Computer News (ECN) is published bi-monthly
by Sage Enterprises. Subscription rates are $15.00 per year (6 issues)
U.S. and Canada; $21.00 foreign. All subscriptions payable to Sage
Enterprises in U.S. funds only. Send all correspondence (subscriptions,
ads, reviews, orders, articles and products) to: Sage Enterprises,
Expandable Computer News, Rt. 2, Box 211, Scrivner Rd., Russellville, MO
65074.
Staff: Editor - Darrell R. Sage
Associate - Shirley I. Sage
Cover by D. Sage
NOTE: The views expressed by contributors to ECN are not necessarily those
of the publisher. ECN and Sage Enterprises are not in any way affiliated
with Coleco Industries, Inc. Sage Enterprises accepts no liability for
damage caused to any equipment pursuant to the construction of any
hardware project. We welcome contributions of original articles, programs,
reviews, comments, etc. We are unable to pay for such contributions. We
would like to thank all of our subscribers for their assistance–without
them this publication would not be possible.
ADAM SUPPLIERS
Alpha-1, 1671 E. 16th Street, Suite 146, Brooklyn, NY 11229; ph.
718/336-7612.
M.W. Ruth Co., 3100 W. Chapel Ave., Cherry Hill, NJ 08002; ph.
609/667-2526.
Ramblings From The Ridge
by D. Sage
We're back! Temporarily down, but not
completely out. The failures we encountered that resulted in our last
issue being real late have now been corrected. What happened? Glad you
asked. After ECN was almost ready to go to the printer, I was doing
some updates on our Zenith 100. Some of those take a while, so while
one was running I got up and was doing something else to kill time.
That's when I heard a loud pop. When I looked at the Zenith, I noticed
the screen was blank. The monitor on light was still lit, but I didn't
hear the fan on the computer running. The computer was dead with all
lights out. I use the Zenith to write ECN and to maintain mailing lists
and print labels. I keep all files backed up, but at this point the
files were of no value since I did not have a computer to access them.
Bad news. Even if I could access the files with another computer, they
would be unusable because the files were stored in special formats by
the data base and word processor I use. So the Zenith went to the
repair shop.
The news was not good. The power supply was
dead and it was likely that the rest of the boards were gone also. In
order to check out the boards, I would have to shell out the $300
necessary to replace it. The boards would cost more than the power
supply. Not good at all. After considering my lack of options, I
decided to go ahead and place my bets. The way the system died, I
suspected that the problem was strictly in the power supply. As it
turned out I was right. The Zenith is fixed and we were able to get the
mailing labels printed.
All of this left me in somewhat of a dilemma. I
could no longer be dependent on any one computer. Last spring, I
finally bought an Atari 1040 ST. The zenith uses 5 1/4 disks and the
Atari uses 3 1/2 in. disks. I ended up buying a 5 1/4 in. drive for the
Atari and decided to make ASCII copies of all files that I have on the
Zenith. In theory, I should be able to transfer the ASCII files to the
Atari. It isn't working yet, but its just a matter of time.
Anyway, this issue is being written on both the
Zenith and the Atari. I use Word Perfect on the Zenith, which is the
best word processor that I have ever used. It's supposed to be
available for the Atari soon, but until it is I have been using 1ST
Word and a desk top publishing program called Publishing Partner. They
work fairly well together and give me access to different printer
fonts, graphics, headlines, etc. Everything is now being printed on a
Seikosha SP-1000A dot matrix printer which does a pretty good job. The
1040ST came with a built in double-sided 720K disk drive and color
monitor.
That and the printer cost me just over $1100.
The stand alone ADAM I use cost $600 plus $260 for one disk drive. The
color monitor I use with ADAM cost another $250 for a total of $1125.
Things sure are changing. I had more than that tied up in my first
Commodore VIC-20 system.
You probably want to know - is he trying to
make a point? Well, the point I am trying to make is that things have
sure changed a lot since the home computer business got started. You
can now buy a one megabyte system for the same price that you used to
have to pay for a 16K system. Tomorrow and next year, and the next, who
knows what you'll be able to get for around a $1000.
My office is being remodeled. We are trying to
install a bathroom and get things ready for winter. I can hardly wait.
The summer was hot and dry and winter will probably be cold and wet.
The July 1987 issue of OMNI contains an article
on telecommunications. In that article, Russ Walters (he wrote the
first manual that Coleco included with ADAM) continued to criticize the
ADAM.
After looking through the pile of stuff I have
for this issue, I'm not real sure what will fit and what won't. I plan
on including anything that didn't make the last issue as well as more
programs, hardware projects and the regular stuff. Hope you enjoy it.
Amil Dillinger (ADAM User's Group #1986, 2226
Patterson Ave., S., Joplin, MO 64804-6322)has been busy locating a wide
variety of ADAM products. Many of these products are extremely
difficult to obtain from other sources. To get a catalog, send him a
legal sized self-addressed stamped envelope. Return to
Top
Industry
Observations
by D. Sage
Commodore is finally shipping the new Amiga
models in the U.S. I still have concerns that Commodore may have acted
too late to save the company. The company is attempting to sell the
Amiga 2000 in the corporate market place. Such a move will likely be
unsuccessful. If Commodore is to regain the position that they achieved
with the Commodore 64, then they will have to recognize that their
future lies with the home market and not business markets. It takes
more than PC compatibility to open the doors to corporate America. I
recognize that the press has beaten the PC compatibility issue to
death, but having PC compatibility won't guarantee success. Corporate
America is going to be more concerned with Commodore's past and current
track record. Most large companies are unlikely to buy products from a
company that has until recently been in great financial difficulty. If
Commodore doesn't get their act together before the Christmas selling
season, we may find them begging Jack Tramiel (Atari Corp.) to bail
them out.
Atari continues to sell computers. Both the 520
and 1040 are doing well. The multi-user operating system (OS9) is now
available and the list of software continues to expand at a phenomenal
rate, reminiscent of the Commodore 64.
IBM's share of the PC market continues to slip.
Although the new PS2 series is doing well, the PC compatibles are doing
better. Apple is also being quite successful with the new line of
Macintosh computers.
The home market has been left entirely to Atari
(XL & ST) and Commodore (64 & 128) in this country. No one else
has been able to make serious inroads in the past and foreign companies
appear to have lost any interest in the US market except in the area of
PC compatibles.
Meanwhile, the video game market is thriving.
Nintendo is leading the way with Sega following closely behind. Atari
and Intellivision are bringing up the rear. In this area the American
companies misjudged the market believing all the press hype that the
home game market was dead. Return to Top
Bulletin
Board
The Bulletin Board is a free service to ECN
subscribers. If you have something to sell, need to buy something, need
help or just want to correspond with other ADAM owners, send a notice
and ECN will publish it here.
FOR SALE: ADAM computer
with disk
drive and Magnavox 80 monitor. All manuals, Basic, AdamCalc, Packcopy,
Smartfiler, MultiWrite, 20 disks & 20 tapes and more. $350 for all.
Contact: Ted Cherry, Rt. 1, Box 190, Cotter, Arkansas 72626,
(501-430-5417).
WANTED: Complete solution
to 2010:
Text Adventure Game by Coleco. Also looking for a Vectrex Video Game
System. Contact: John Bonavita, P.O. Box 320, St. Bonaventure, NY 14778.
FOR SALE: List #20 like-new
ADAM
software in all three formats (ROM, DDP, Disk) All at HUGE discount
prices! Send a legal size, self-addressed stamped envelope for complete
list. We do not sell pirated software! Contact: John Bonavita, P.O. Box
320, St. Bonaventure, NY 14778.
WANTED: Oh, no! I've been
robbed!
Insurance company says I must replace to receive reimbursement. I am
looking for an Atari 5200 console, (I still have the switch box and
power supply), any type of controllers (original or otherwise), and any
games. I had nearly all that were available. Please send list of
anything you have (or can get) and your price list to Barbara Duncan,
3727-34th SW, Seattle, WA 98126.
FOR SALE: Eve Speech
Sythesizer with
software - $75.00. Atari expansion unit - $25.00 (prices include
postage). Contact. Lee Smith, Box 159, Terre Hill, PA 17581.
FOR SALE: ADAM Expansion
Module #3
w/Colecovision, tape drive, printer with on/off front switch and stand.
$200 worth of software. $180 or best offer. Excellent condition.
Contact George Nihem, 22609 Alger, St. Clair Shores, MI 48080; 313)
776-4755.
FOR SALE: ADAM Expansion
Module #3,
with disk drive, 64K memory expander, Eve SP-1 interface, and much
software - $500. Adam software: CP/M 2.2 with many public domain disks
($25); SmartFiler ($15); AdamCalc ($15); Logo, Flash Card Maker, and
more. Also carts - $7.50 each: Smurf, Monkey Academy, Sir Lancelot,
Zaxxon, and more. All software includes original disk or tape and
manuals. Send SASE for complete list to Susan Lenz, 6210 West 117th
Ave., Crown Point, IN 46307, 219/663-1805.
NOTICE: John Moore suggests
that
every CP/Mer get Tony Morehen's BIOS patch from CompuServe or another
source. His new CCP is nice, but the patch that increases the M: drive
to 61K and allows it to survive a computer reset will more than pay for
itself! Return to Top
Expand
Your Memory
by John Moore
While there is a good number of 64K memory
expansion boards available, the dedicated "hardware hacker" can add
extra memory to his or her ADAM for about $10. Interested?
First, remember that any changes inside ADAM
will void any warranty you may have left. Since we have no control over
it neither the author nor ECN may be held responsible for the results
of your work.
This modification requires good soldering
skills, experience in working with circuit boards and with integrated
circuits and a degree of patience.
First you will need the raw materials! 8 - 4164
dynamic RAM memory chips (200 nanoseconds a less), and about a foot of
fine insulated wire. The chips are widely available for about $1.50
each - check the Computer Shopper.
Open your ADAM and work your way to the bottom
board. This is the one with the expansion connector and the three
expansion slots on it. The memory chips are above and to the right of
the connector marked "J5." This is Slot #3 - the place where your 64K
Ram card would have been plugged.
The memory chips themselves will be numbered in
various ways, but will most likely have 4164 somewhere in there. On my
board, the chips are labelled "TMS4164-20NL." The 20NL means 20
nanoseconds. Notice that the locator "notch" on the chips goes toward
the back on the back row and toward the front on the front row (THIS IS
VERY IMPORTANT)!
Now, prepare the expansion chips. Here is the
way the little "bugs" are numbered. If you sit the IC on the table in
front of you so that the "notch" points to your left, the bottom left
pin is #1, the bottom right is #8, the top right is #9, and the top
left is #16.
On each of your eight chips, carefully bend pin
#15 up so that it is vertical (or nearly so). Do this carefully so that
you don't break a pin. If you do, that chip is useless!
Now place one of the new 4164 chips on top of
an existing chip. Be certain that the locator "notch" on both chips
face the same way! Next, very carefully solder each pin on the new chip
to the corresponding pin on the chip beneath it. There is a disc
capacitor (C2) on the front row that may be troublesome. Carefully bend
it out of the way as you solder.
You now have 8 new 4164 chips mounted
•piggyback" on the old chips. Check your soldering very closely. You
may well have created a solder "bridge" between pins. If you have, ADAM
won't boot (but will otherwise be OK). Look carefully!
The final step is simple. Take the fine wire
and connect each of the pin #15's of the new chips to the others.
Finally, connect those pins to R15. This is a small resistor coded
yellow-brown-black located between Slot #2 and Slot #3. There are two
of them. You want the one nearer the back of the board. The wire
connects to the side nearest Slot #3.
If you have completed these steps properly, you
are now finished. Reassemble your ADAM, but don't put all the screws
back in yet. Connect all the peripherals, and boot the machine. If
SmartWRITER comes up, you are probably OK. If you have AdamCalc or
BACKUP+ v. 3.0, start them running. Both will check the presence of
expansion RAM.
If this test passes, you may consider the RAM
functional. As one last check, boot CP/M and PIP something to Drive M:.
The command PIP M:=A:PIP.COM[v] will copy PIP itself to the RAM Drive
and will verify that an exact copy was made (the [v] switch). If the
transfer goes OK - you're home free!
In my experience, the most likely trouble is
the solder bridge between pins. Use no more solder than is necessary.
If you get a bridge, the computer probably won't boot - not even
SmartWriter. The good news is that this usually will not damage the
chips. Once the bridge is cleared, everything will work fine.
If you don't have the necessary skills, check
with a TV repairman or a Ham Radio operator in your area. The work is
delicate, but not beyond the capabilities of the average technician. A
side effect of this modification is that you don't need to add any
extra suppression, since the busses on the main board have already been
suppressed. Return to Top
Product Review: Turbodisk
by D. Sage
Product: Ram Disk Utility
Manufacturer: Digital Express, Rt. 1, Box 29-G, Oak Hill, WV
25901
Media: Disk or DDP
Price: Review copy supplied by manufacturer
Turbodisk provides ADAM owners with a Ram Disk
that is accessible in Basic. Also included with the software are
utilities that allow you to turn your SmartKeys into special function
keys in basic and a copy utility that uses the Ram Disk.
The instructions for the program come on two 8
1/2 x 11 in. sheets and are relatively easy to read and understand.
In order to use the program, you must first
load SmartBasic, set Lomem and then Brun the Ram Disk program. After it
is loaded you can then reset Lomem to its original setting. In addition
to creating a Ram Disk (D7) that is accessible in Basic, a number of
Basic bugs are also fixed by the program. The fixes include the ability
to recover "h" files and to INIT data packs and disks with the correct
number of blocks in the directory (255 for data packs and 159 for
disks). It also allows you to use Brun, Bload, and Bsave from a Basic
program without the "Control Buffer Overflow" error message.
The Ram Disk program works fine. Of course you
must remember that when ADAM is turned off, everything in the RAM Disk
will be lost. Ram Disks are especially helpful for temporary files and
for storing programs that are used frequently.
The copy utility that comes with the program is
fairly fast. It transferred 62 blocks using two data drives in about 2
1/2 minutes. The utility has a number of features that makes it fairly
flexible. It uses the Smart Keys and has the labels for them on screen.
My main complaint is that some of the labels were fairly difficult to
read.
If you have the 64K Ram Expander and have a
need for a Ram Disk in SmartBasic then you need this product.
Recommended. Return to Top
A Mouse For ADAM
by Ron Smith
The following information will show you how to
modify the Commodore 1350 Mouse for use with the ADAM. To use the
mouse, you must first modify a Power Adapter for the Game Controller
(see diagram).
PARTS: Plug-in-the-wall power supply
providing at least 3.5 and no greater than 5 volts D.C. power output; 7
IN914 switching Diodes (Radio Shack Cat. #276-1620); two D-type mate
connectors (Radio Shack Cat. # 276-1978); a small utility box for
mounting the D type plugs; a soldering iron with a VERY SMALL TIP; a
VERY SHARP KNIFE; and time and patience.
PLEASE NOTE: You must connect the Positive (+)
and the Negative (-) wires from the power adaptor to the correct
locations in the Diagram. If they are reversed or connected to the
incorrect pin locations, DAMAGE TO THE COMPUTER or connected device may
occur. Also applying more than 5 volts DC current from the power supply
may cause damage. As little as 3.5 volts can be used BUT NOT MORE THAN
5 volts DC.
As the diagram indicates, you can leave the
mouse and the regular ADAM joystick plugged into the connector once it
is completed. J-2 on the diagram represents the connections for the
regular game controller, while J-3 represents the connection for the
mouse. The female end of the cable plugs into the computer and you
build from there (after cutting the cable in half to shorten it). Save
the other half for a possible future project. The sharp knife is needed
to cut out holes in the plastic box for inserting the two D-type male
plugs that will be mounted in the utility box, unless you can locate
one that is pre-cut.
Once you have the power supply and the
connecting cables correctly wired, its time to tackle the Commodore
1350 Mouse. Turn the mouse upside down and slide, according to the
arrow markings, the cover mounting for the white ball. Remove the small
piece of foam that protects the ball during shipping.
Remove the two screws near where the cable is
connected and very carefully lift the cover. Don't force it, but
sliding it slightly towards the cable connector may help. Next remove
the screw that holds the small PC board in place. The beard has two
round pushbuttons on the top surface. Turn the board over and look at
the circuit tracks on the underside. Use the sharp knife to cut and
remove a section of the circuit track. Then solder a diode on each
track as indicated in the diagram. Be careful to keep the solder within
the circuit track area or you may ground the solder joint. A little dab
will do yuh! Unsolder (desolder) the small blue and black wires and
resolder them in reverse positions (the blue one where Commodore wants
the black wire).
Now, put the PC board in place with the single
screw. Replace the cover, then the white ball and its cover plate, and
you're in business if you have done everything correctly.
The mouse can now be used with icon-driven
software such as PAINTMASTER and PINBALL CONSTRUCTION SET. Good
Luck. Return to Top
More Design Features Of FORTH
by Thomas Gilmore
This is the fifth in a series of 5 articles on
FORTH for the ADAM computer, now available in two public domain
versions from EXPANDABLE COMPUTER NEWS.
The "Start-Up" version of FORTH for the ADAM is
a set of files directly from FORTH-83, the 1983 International Standard.
The first four articles focused on WHAT is available for your ADAM
computer, how to put it to work, what FORTH is and isn't, and some
of the specific FORTH advantages and design features.
In this article I will point out some of the
other design features of FORTH and how they work, including a
step-by-step discussion of another sample program. I will also get to
the brief but happy story of how it came to be available for ADAM users.
MINIMUM ERROR HANDLING
This is not a plus in everyone's eyes,
especially at the beginning, but at least there are interesting
trade-offs. You can write your own interrupts and error handling, as
you need it, when you need it (particularly when debugging), and then
remove what you don't need and get maximum speed. For ADAM owners
starting out, it usually means a LOT more system crashes and "Computer
Resets" than they might like.
NATURAL LIST PROCESSOR
The Forth word " ' " (pronounced "tick") allows
a great variety of "pointers" used in AI programs. Forth is, in fact, a
natural, list-processing language, usable for exploring computing
problems which otherwise require a special language like LISP or
PROLOG, neither of which, to my knowledge, is yet available for ADAM.
LEKICONS (VOCABULARIES)
Facilities are provided which allow, even
encourage, the development of your (or a user's) special
vocabulary for a "real world" problem. In other words, the user does
not have to conform to pages and pages of a manual written for
everyone's problem — a FORTH programmer, working with a user can make
the computer talk the USER'S own language!! It takes a lot of
learning, some experience, and (often) many tries, but it can be
done.
"SHADOW" SCREENS
I have not taken the space to show any example
of it in this series, but the Forth editor allows an easy pairing of a
screen for documentation with another screen of code. Forth itself is
completely documented in this way. All you need to do to go back and
forth on-line is "A L" 'Alternate List'.
TRANSPORTABILITY
Particularly if you stay within the Forth-83
standard vocabularies, all of your own words and programs can be quite
sure of running on that bigger, faster machine you will move to some
day.
Now, here's a short program for a "real world"
business situation, although somewhat abbreviated and simplified for
this article, to calculate, sub, and store a day's receipts (written
later to disk or DDP): NOTE: As in past issues, not all
characters in this program listing were printed correctly due to
shortcomings with ECN's printer. I have done the best I can in
correctly listing them. If you find errors, please email corrections to
me. - Joe Blenkle
5 list Scr #5 G.BLK 0 \ticket-seller set-up and utilities 07Mar87tcg 1 \ Next line sets up the "tix" & "price" tables and sets values 2 create tix 24 allot tix 24 erase create price 40 , 30 , 20 , 3 \ Offsets for "tix" table no* set up for market & seat price 4 0 constant MIL ( Milwaukee ) 8 constant MSP ( Minneapolis ) 5 16 constant DMA ( Omaha ) 6 0 constant $40 2 constant $30 4 constant $20 7 create city ( variable to hold addr start address in "tix" ) 8 : narket (S n -- d ) 9 tix + city ! 0 s>d ; 10 : sold (S d n2 n3 -- d ) 11 2dup city @ + +! price + @ um* 12 3 spaces 2dup 7 d.r d+ ; 13 : summer (S d -- d ) 12 spaces 8 0 do ascii - emit loop ; 14 : add (S d -- ) 15 summer cr 16 spaces 7 d.r ; ok
Lines
0, 1, and 3 are completely comment lines. Line 2 and lines 4 thru 7 set
up a 3 by 4 storage table, as if it had columns for cities and rows for
each seat category. 24 bytes are reserved, since we need TWO bytes per
data cell. ["n" represents a default, 16-bit nunber on the data stack;
"d" represents a double-number, or 32-bit size.]
Lines 8 and 9 define the first word for our
user. It takes the market name (abbreviation) that he provides,
converts it to a numerical offset, finds the address of the "top of the
column", stores it in the variable "city", and sets up a double-size
zero on the data stack.
Lines 10 thru 12 do most of the real work:
duplicates are nade of both the number sold and the category, the
number sold is added to what's already in the "tix." table (0, in this
version), the dollars are calculated, dup'd; printed out, and added to
the total ["d"].
Lines 13 thru 15 define the last 2 words to
show the total dollars for a city.
And here's what it looks like when you compile
it, run it, and check the results in the updated "tix" table:
5 load ok MIL market ok 600 $40 sold 24000 ok 300 $30 sold 9000 ok 200 $20 sold 4000 ok add ------- 37000 ok MSP market ok 500 $40 sold 20000 ok 400 $30 sold 12000 ok 100 $20 sold 2000 ok add ------- 34000 ok DMA market ok 70 $40 sold 2800 ok 80 $30 sold 2400 ok 90 $20 sold 1800 ok add ------- 7000 ok
The
hex dunp reveals that the two bytes are stored in reverse order:
tix 24 dunp 0 1 \ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 5F60 7B 01 58 02 2C 01 C8 00 00 00 F4 01 90 01 64 00 5F70 00 00 46 00 50 00 5A 00 00 00 .. decimal 600 hex . 258 ok [matches OK with "5802"] decimal 300 hex . 12C ok [matches OK with "2COl"] decimal 80 hex . 50 ok [matches OK with "5000"] decimal 90 hex . 5A decimal ok [and with "5A00"]
This
public domain version of Forth-83 was made possible thru the original
authors, Henry Laxen and Mike Perry of Berkeley, CA, the providing of a
Z100 version by Fred Olson, leader of the Minnesota Forth Interest
Group, and the CONVERT program of Sage Enterprises.
This is the last article of this series on
FORTH. I've enjoyed bringing it to you, and 1 hope some of you have by
now immersed yourself in the new, wide-open world of FORTH on your ADAM
computer. Enjoy ! Return to Top
SmartBASIC
Peeks & Pokes
- Version 3 (Revised 8/12/86)
by John Moore
There are a number of useful POKEs and PEEKs
available to the SmartBASlC programmer, but since they have never been
collected into one work, many of the more recent ADAMites have been
"locked out" of their use. This article is an effort to collect as many
of these as possible so that the knowledge can be shared.
CAUTION: The locations given here are
known to be correct for version 79 of SmartBASIC. This is the most
widely distributed version of the program. To find out which version
you have, load SmartBASIC and type "PRINT PEEK(260)'return'." The
number you see is the version number. If it's less than 79, check
with another member of the ADAM Support Group about getting the most
recent version.
1146 - This is where ADAM stores his
"prompt" character (usually "]") which appears at the start of every
line. POKEing any ASCII value here will display that as the new prompt.
6356 - To modify the LOAD command so
that the old program will not be erased when you LOAD a new program,
poke a 201 into this location. This will let you merge new programs
with old programs in memory by LOADING them. WARNING! Be sure to reset
this to the default of 205 when you are finished merging. Any old line
numbers that are used by the new program will be overwritten!
12185 - This location controls the
length of text lines that ADAM will permit. You may increase this to
239 characters. Long program lines are an aid in translating certain
Applesoft BASIC programs.
16089 - This location (and 16090)
contain the current HIMEM setting.
16095 - This location (and 16096) holds
the value of LOMEM.
16126 - This location (and following)
give the line number in which an error occurred. An error-handling
routine can obtain information with a PEEK.
16129 - This is the SPEED storage.
Normally it is 255. You can POKE a new value here instead of using the
SPEED command.
16134 - This contains a 3 - the ASCII
value of Control-C. This is the only way SmartBASIC has of telling what
this key is. To disable the BREAK function, just POKE some value here
that does not have a keycode (like 255). POKE the 3 back to turn the
BREAK back on!
16149 - This location (and 16150)
control the highest address that SmartBASIC will let you POKE. Normally
16149 is 144 and 16150 is 211. If you change both of these to 255, you
will be able to POKE to any address in ADAM's memory!
16178 - This is the number of
significant places given in a floating point number. The default is 9.
This ONLY affects output. ADAM will use as many digits as possible
internally.
16641 - This is the indicator of the
boot (start-up) device. An 8 indicates Tape #1, 4 is Disc #1, etc.
Programs can look here to see what device started everything running.
16763 - This is the "X" value of the
HPLOT command.
16764 - The "Y" value of the HPLOT
command.
16765 - Holds the value of the SCALE
command.
16779 - Value of PDL(6) "left trigger":
1 - On, 0 - Off.
16780 - Value of PDL(8) "right trigger"
(as above).
16781 - Value of PDL(12) "keypad number
pressed." The value of the number is returned here with "*" = 10, "#" =
11, and nothing pressed = 15.
16783 - This is PDL(5) "direction" 1 -
Up, 2 - Right, 4 - Down, 8 - Left.
16784 - PDL(7) "left trigger" #2
controller (see 16779).
16785 - PDL(9) "right trigger" #2
controller (see 16780).
16786 - PDL(13) "keypad # - #2
controller (see 16781).
16788 - PDL(4) "direction - #2
controller (see 16783).
16821 - Here is the location where ADAM
stores the device number of the drive currently in use. This normally
changes when you give a command (such as CATALOG,d1), but you can POKE
the new drive here. The Device ID's are 8 (tape 1-D1), 24 (tape 2-D2),
4 (disk 1-D5) and 5 (disk 2-D6).
16953 - This location contains the
character being used by ADAM for the cursor. The default is 95 - the
underline mark. To turn off the cursor, you can POKE a 0 here.
16954 - ADAM does not really "erase" a
screen when you command HOME. It actually fills the screen with spaces.
The ASCII code for a space is 32, which is the default value of this
location. If you POKE some other value here and command HOME, it will
fill the screen with that character. This could be useful for special
effects or title screens.
17000 - POKE in a 1 here will stop the
cursor from flashing, but the character above the cursor will not be
displayed. You can reset this by POKEing a 0 here or using the TEXT
command. See 17291.
17001 - Cursor row location.
17002 - Cursor column location.
17059 - This contains the screen color
code. The screen color is also called the "border," since it is always
visible around the edges of the ADAM screen. You must command "TEXT"
after changing this value before any effect can be seen.
17115 - This contains the color controls
for the normal text screen. It is calculated according to the example
given later. You must use the TEXT command to see the result.
17126 - This contains the color controls
for the reversed video characters - the ones seen when FLASH and
INVERSE commnds are used. The calculation is given later. TEXT
must be executed before you see any effect.
17164 - Any ASCII character POKEd here
will fill the screen when the command TEXT is used. Compares with 16954
for the HOME command. Useful for graphics or special effects -
particularly when paired with 16954!
17198 - This is the number of lines on
your screen. The default is 23. This is another command which requires
the use of TEXT before any result is apparent.
17199 - This is the number of columns on
your screen. The default is 30. If you change this, you must use TEXT.
17201 - The location of the Top Margin
on your screen. ADAM's default is 0.
17202 - This is the location of your
left margin. The default is 1 (first column). You can use the last two
locations to create a smaller area or "text window" for use with some
custom designed graphics.
17291 - Controls the cursor blinking
rate. 0 is steady on with 255 the slowest flash rate. Stopping the
cursor from flashing by POKE ing a 0 here is preferred to using the
location at 17000.
17302 - This location contains 16 - the
ASCII value of Control-P. You can disable this feature by POKEing this
location with a number that does not have a keycode (like 255). Poke a
16 to turn the Control-P feature back on!
17954 - This location controls the pitch
of the tone you hear when you PRINT CHR$(7). The possible values range
from 0 (highest possible tone) to 63 (lowest note).
17963 - is the storage for the variable
that determines the duration of the tone you hear when you PRINT
CHR$(7). Values are permitted from 0 - 255. The larger the number, the
longer the "beep"!
18607 - Determines the screen (border)
color in GR mode. It will take effect after a "GR" command.
18633 - Contains the color of the GR
window background after the "GR" command.
18711 - Is the color value of the text
in the window at the bottom of the screen in GR node. It is determined
in the same way as either normal or inverse text. It takes effect after
the "GR" command.
25431 - This is the screen (border)
color in HGR mode. Takes effect after an "HGR" command.
25471 - Is the color of the graphics
window in HGR mode. Takes effect after "HGR" command.
25558 Contains the value for text
displayed at the bottom of the HGR screen. You determine this value as
with all other text color values. Only takes effect after the "HGR"
command.
27100 - This is the input value from
Paddle 0 (0-255).
27101 - Here is the input value from
Paddle 1.
27002 - And Paddle 2.
27003 - With this the input value from
Paddle 3.
64885 - This is the location of ADAM's
"last character typed" buffer. This is very useful if you have a
program that you want to let the user interrupt. Each time through a
loop, PEEK at this location. If the value you want is returned, arrange
for your program to take proper action!
CALCULATING COLOR VALUES
ADAM's color palette has the following colors, and set of
associated values.
0 - Transparent
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8 - Medium red
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1 - Black
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9 - Light red
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2 - Medium green
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10 - Dark yellow
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3 - Light green
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11 - Light yellow
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4 - Dark blue
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12 - Dark green
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5 - Light blue
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13 - Magenta (pink)
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6 - Dark red
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14 - Gray
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7 - Cyan (bluish)
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15 - White
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To set the screen value, simply poke the color
value into the specified location. The "color" transparent is intended
to be used in either the main or inverse values to let the screen color
show through the characters.
To create the color value to POKE into the main
or inverse screen locations, you must do one small calculation (per
value). The number to be POKEd is the sum of 16 x (character color
value) and the background color value.
As an example, black letters on a dark yellow
background would be 10 (dark yellow) + 16 x 1 (black) = 26.
Normally, you would not want to make the
background and the text the same color, but sometimes you may want to
"blank" the screen while sending output formatted for the printer. The
easiest way to do this is to make the characters and screen the same
color while printing, then switch back when you're through.
Some locations listed here (like 16126) are
actually two locations. This is because the variable is so large that
one byte isn't enough. The two locations are called the HIGH byte and
the LOW byte.
To convert to a value (like a line number) that
nakes sense to you, multiply the HIGH byte by 256 and add it to the LOW
byte. As an example, if an error occurred and through PEEKing, you
found that 16126 was 10 and 16127 was 201, then the error occurred at
line (201*256)+10 or 51466! The low byte is always given first.
If you know of other locations for PEEKs and
POKEs that you are willing to share, please pass them along to:
The ADAM SUPPORT GROUP
c/o John Moore
1970 Fisher Tr., NE
Atlanta, GA 30345
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User
Group News
The list of users' groups continues to grow. If
there isn't one in your area to join - start one!
NATIONAL GROUPS
#1 Adam User's Group
P.O. Box 3761 - Attn: Jay Forman
Cherry Hill, NJ 08034
LOCAL GROUPS
James E. Gilbert
4608 Lakeview Dr.
Huntsville, AL 35810
Victor L. Watford
P.O. Box 777
Russellville, AL 35653
Richard Bains
7210 Bulen Drive
Anchorage, AK 99507
Danny Levitt
4525 S. White Pine
Tucson, AZ 85730
Robert R. Marentes
9425 N. 38th Ave.
Phoenix, AZ 85021
East Bay ADAM Group (EBAG)
Tom Ozretich
6097 Slopview Court
Castro Valley, CA 94552
ph. 415-886-2884
Harvey Klein
So. California ADAM Users
1736 So. Bedford Street
Los Angeles, CA 90035
Frank Fleich
13381-19 Magnolia Ave.
Corona, CA 91719
Central Calif. Adam User's Group
James Turner, Jr.
20110 Ave. 19
Madera, CA 93637
San Diego Adam Users Group
Dr. Harold Alexander
37 Catspaw Cape
Coronado, CA 92118
AUG of San Diego County
868 N. 2nd St. #242
El Cajon, CA 92021
ph. 619/445-2400
Bay Region ADAM Information Network
550 27th St. #202
San Francisco, CA 94131
ph. 415/282-3056
Inland Empire Users Group
Ann Quetel
6644 Seine Ave.
Highland, CA 92346
ph. 714/862-5807
Denver ADAM User's Group
1416 Lipan St.
Denver, CO 80204
ADAM Users Group #305
John F. Busby, II
6634 SW 41st St.
Davie, FL 33314
Emerald Coast ADAM User's Group
Howard Pines
1010 Gloria Drive
Ft. Walton Beach, FL 32548
Robert J. Niemeyer
292 Boca Ciega Point Blvd. N.
St. Petersburg, FL 33708
ADAM User's Group
Michael G. Graham
217 Albert St.
Winter Springs, FL 32709
ph. 305/327-1387
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ADAM Support Group
John Moore
1870 Fisher Tr. NE
Atlanta, GA 30345
Hawaii AUG
Harlan Fletcher
2335C Apollo Ave.
Honolulu, HI 96818
ph. 808/422-4019
Donald R. Lager
5415 N. 2nd St.
Rockford, IL 61111
ph. 815/877-7786
KC Users Group
Joe Reardon
1513 Tauromee
Kansas City, KS 66102
913/371-7491
Greater Cincinatti Adam Users Group
c/o Keith Bowman
P.O. Box 434
Alexandria, KY 41001
ADAM Network
P.O. Box 85
East Detroit, MI 48021
Bill & Nancy Rahn
12426-15th St. S.
Afton, MN 55001
ph. 612/436-6577
Outsider's Users Group
Donald Viltiard
P.O. Box 771
Starkville, MS 39759
Omaha ADAM Users Club
Norman Castro
809 West 33rd Ave.
Bellevue, NE 68005
ph. 402/291-4405
Al Roginski
4327 Thorndale Pl.
Las Vegas, NV 89103
Metro Adam User's Group
Russell Williams
414 W. 149th St.
New York, NY 10031
ph. 212/208-0645
(9am-5pm M-F)
Genesee Valley Adam Users
Donald K. Zimmermah
5132 Jordon Road
Silver Springs, NY 14550
ADAM-X-Change (New York & Canada)
Wade Rowley
12863 Washburn
Wolcott, NY 14590
Tri-Angle Adam Users
L-5 Oak Grove
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
ph 919/968-0299
Mutual ADAM Users Group
412 Bettie Street
Akron, OH 44306
Lake Erie Adam Users
2110 W. 36th Street
Lorain, OH 44503
ph. 216/282-8467
Portland Adam Users Group
Craig Frerichs
P.O. Box 1081
Portland, OR 97207
The (717) Adam Users
Steve Chamberlain
120 E. 4th ST.
Bloomsburg, PA 17815
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Midsouth ADAM Users
Roger Burford, Lot 142 NAS MHP
Millington, TN 38053
Adam Users of El Paso
Alan Samuels
4821 Vista Del Monte
El Paso, TX 79922
Houston AAUG
c/o Thomas Rutan
1805 14th Ave. N
Texas City, TX 77590
Norfolk ADAM Group
Gerald M. Steen
1000 Rockbridge Ave. #144
Norfolk, VA 23508
ADAM Users Group of Central Virginia
Thomas J. Kelly
3B, Rt. 664
Earlysville, VA 22936
ADAM Washington D.C. Users Group
1811 St. Roman Dr.
Vienna, VA 22180
Puget Sound Adam Network
22607 SE 322nd
Kent, WA 98042
ph. 206/886-1167
Dave Sandahl
USNH, Box 2844
FPO Seattle, WA 98778
CANADA
Robert Dunstan
95 Harland Crescent
Ajax, Ontario L1S 1K2
Derek Townsend
Box 820
Claresholm, Alberta T0L 0T0
Edmonton Adam Users Group
Richard Forges
14712 - 122 St.
Edmonton, Alberta T5X 1V9
J.A. Girard
1420 Ave. Langevin Sud
Alma, Quebec G8B 6B1
Mike Laurier
7350 Roi Rene
Anjou, Quebec H1K 3G6
Mr. G. Hibbert
P.O. Box 10
Mistatim, Saskatchewan S0E 1B0
First Canadian Adam User's Group
P.O. Box 547 Victoria Station
Westmount, Quebec H3Z 2Y6
Winnipeg Adam Users Group
729 Government Ave.
Winnipeg, Manitoba R2K 1X5
Metro-Toronto Adam Group
P.O. Box 123
260 Adelaide St. East
Toronto, Ontario M5A 1N0
AUSTRALIA
The Bendigo Colecovision Club
C1-2 Fenton St.
Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia
ADAM Owner's & User's Group
4 Norman Street
Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
ENGLAND
The U.K. ADAM Subscribers
Keith A. Marner
33 Homer Road
Croydon, Surrey, CR0 7SB, England
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High Resolution Shape
Constructor
by David Clark
100 REM High Resolution Shape Constructor 110 REM 120 REM 130 REM Created by David Clark 140 REM 2/12/85 150 REM 160 REM 170 REM 180 REM 190 x = PEEK(16095): y = PEEK(16096): POKE 26580, x: POKE 26581, y 200 lo = y*256+x+3001: LOMEM :lo 210 x = 127: y = 95: ze = 0: an = 1: th = 3: tn = 10: true = 1: false = 0: ia = PEEK(26581)*256+PEEK(26580) 220 DIM m%(3000), u%(3000) 230 POKE 17115, 240: POKE 17059, 4: TEXT 240 fi = true: s = INT(ia/256): POKE 16766, ia-s*256: POKE 16767, s: POKE ia, 0 250 d$ = CHR$(4): GOTO 290 260 s = PEEK(ia): IF s = 0 THEN RETURN 270 la = PEEK(ia + s*2)+PEEK(ia+s*2+1)*256: FOR i = la+ia TO la+ia+200: IF PEEK(i)=0 THEN l = i-ia: RETURN 280 NEXT: RETURN 290 TEXT: GOSUB 260: z$ = STR$(l) : byt$ = "< "+z$+" BYTES >" 300 PRINT "SHAPE TABLE START ADDRESS IS AT": PRINT TAB(INT(31-9)/2); "< "; ia;" >" 310 VTAB 5: PRINT "THERE ARE "; PEEK(ia); " SHAPES IN MEMORY" 320 VTAB 8: PRINT " SHAPE TABLE TOTAL LENGTH": VTAB 10: HTAB INT(31-LEN(byt$))/2: PRINT byt$ 330 VTAB 14: PRINT "1 - CREATE NEW SHAPE": PRINT: PRINT "2 - SAVE TO DATA PACK": PRINT: PRINT "3 - LOAD FROM DATA PACK": PRINT 340 PRINT "4 - SAVE TO PRINTER": PRINT: PRINT "5 - END"; 350 GET w$: IF w$ < "1" OR w$ > "5" THEN 350 360 ON VAL(w$) GOTO 370, 390, 440, 1140, 450 370 l=0: t = 0: u = 0: mm = 0: x = FRE(8): x = 127: y = 95 380 POKE 25431, 4: POKE 25471, 1: HGR: HCOLOR = 3: d = 1: GOTO 590 390 s = PEEK(ia): IF s = 0 THEN 290 400 la = PEEK(ia+s*2)+PEEK(ia+s*2+l)*256: FOR i = la+ia TO la+ia+200: IF PEEK(i) = 0 THEN l = i-ia: GOTO 420 410 NEXT: GOTO 290 420 GOSUB 990: PRINT: PRINT d$; "BSAVE P,A"; ia; ",L"; i+1-ia 430 PRINT d$; "CLOSE P" : PRINT d$; "RENAME P,"; fl$: GOTO 290 440 GOSUB 990: PRINT: PRINT d$; "BLOAD "; fl$; ", A"; ia: fi = false: GOTO 290 450 POKE 17115, 23: POKE 17059, 4: TEXT: a = PEEK(26581)*256+PEEK(26580): LOMEM :a: END 460 POKE 25431, 4: POKE 25471, 1: HGR: HCOLOR = 3 470 GOSUB 1090 480 IF VAL(z$)+mm = 3000 THEN 1420 490 IF mm = 3000 THEN 1420 500 HTAB 10: VTAB 24: PRINT "BYTES="; u+1; : IF w$ <> CHR$(160) THEN 520 510 f = 0: GOSUB 1010: y = y-1: IF y<0 THEN y=0: GOTO 470 520 IF w$ <> CHR$(162) THEN 540 530 f = 2: GOSUB 1010: y = y+1: IF y>191 THEN y=191: GOTO 470 540 IF w$ <> CHRS(163) THEN 560 550 f = 3: GOSUB 1010: x = x-1: IF x < 0 THEN x = 0: GOTO 470 560 IF w$ <> CHR$(161) THEN 580 570 f = 1: GOSUB 1010: x = x+1: IF x>255 THEN x=255: GOTO 470 580 IF w$ <> CHR$(129) THEN 630 590 k = k+tn: IF d = 1 THEN HOME: d = 2: PRINT " SMARTKEY I SMARTKEY VI";: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT " DRAW " ;:GOTO 610 600 GOTO 620 610 PRINT " MORE"; : GOTO 470 620 HOME: d = 1: PRINT " SMARTKEY I SMARTKEY VI";: PRINT:PRINT " DON'T DRAW", " MORE"; : GOTO 470 630 IF w$ = CHR$(134) THEN r% = r%+1: GOTO 1330 640 IF w$ = CHR$(130) AND r% = 1 THEN 660 650 GOTO 670 660 u%(u) = t: GOTO 290 670 IF w$ = CHR$(131) AND r% = 2 THEN 690 680 GOTO 790 690 POKE 25431, 4: POKE 25471, 1: HGR: HCOLOR = 3: x = 127: y = 95 700 FOR i = 0 TO mm-1 710 w = m%(i): IF w >= 4 THEN w = w-4: HPLOT x, y 720 ON w+1 GOTO 730, 740, 750, 760 730 y = y-1: GOTO 770 740 x = x+1: GOTO 770 750 y = y+1: GOTO 770 760 x = x-1 770 NEXT 780 GOTO 1330 790 IF w$ = CHR$(132) AND r% = 3 THEN 810 800 GOTO 470 810 u%(u) = t: n = u: POKE 17115, 240: POKE 17059, 4: TEXT 820 IF u%(0) = 0 THEN 290 830 VTAB 13: HTAB 11: INVERSE: PRINT "PROCESSING": NORMAL 840 IF fi THEN fi = false: GOTO 860 850 GOTO 890 860 POKE ia, 1: POKE ia + 1, 0: POKE ia+2, 4: POKE ia+3, 0 870 FOR i = 0 TO n: POKE ia+4+i, u%(i): NEXT 880 POKE ia+4+i, 0: GOTO 290 890 ns = PEEK(ia): la = ia+ns*2 ls = ia+PEEK(la)+PEEK(la+l)*256 900 i = ls 910 IF PEEK(i) = 0 THEN 930 920 i = i+1: GOTO 910 930 FOR j = i+2 TO la+2 STEP -1: POKE j, PEEK(j-2): NEXT 940 na = i-ia+3: ms = INT(na/256): ls = na-ms*256: POKE la+2, ls: POKE la+3, ms 950 FOR j = 2 TO la-ia STEP 2: ls = PEEK(ia+j): ms = PEEK(ia+j+1): ls=ls+2: IF ls>= 256 THEN ms=ms+1: ls = ls-256 960 POKE ia+j, ls: POKE ia+j+1, ms: NEXT 970 FOR j = 0 TO n: POKE ia+na+j, u%(j): NEXT: POKE ia+na+j, 0 980 POKE ia, ns+1: GOTO 290 990 PRINT:PRINT: INPUT " FILENAME: "; fl$: IF fl$ = " " THEN POP: GOTO 290 1000 RETURN 1010 g = (d-l)*4 + f: m%(mm) = g: mm = mm+1 1020 HCOLOR = (d-1)*3: HPLOT x, y: k = 5 1030 IF l < 2 THEN 1060 1040 IF g > 0 AND g < 4 THEN t = t+8^l*g: GOTO 1080 1050 u%(u) = t: u = u+1: t = g: 1=l: RETURN 1060 IF l = 1 AND g = 0 THEN u%(u) = t+192: u = u+1: t = l: l = 1: RETURN 1070 t = t+8^l*g: IF l < 2 THEN l = l+1: RETURN 1080 u%(u) = t: u = u+1: t = 0: l=0: RETURN 1090 GET w$: IF VAL(w$) < 128 THEN 1110 1100 w$ = CHR$< 5 THEN RETURN 1110 k=k+1: IF k<5 THEN RETURN 1120 k = 0: IF c = 0 THEN c = 1: HCOLOR = th: HPLOT x, y: RETURN 1130 c = 0: HCOLOR = ze: HPLOT x, y: RETURN 1140 s = PEEK(ia): IF s = 0 THEN HOME: VTAB 10: PRINT CHR$(7);: PRINT " THERE IS NO SHAPE IN MEMORY";: GOTO 1160 1150 HOME: VTAB 4: PRINT " PLACE PAPER IN THE PRINTER PRESS ANY KEY WHEN READY "; : GET w$: VTAB 8: GOTO 1180 1160 PRINT CHR$(7): PRINT: FOR i = 1 TO 1000: NEXT i: PRINT " PLEASE PUT A SHAPE IN MEMORY": FOR i = 1 TO 1000: NEXT i 1170 PRINT: PRINT TAB(8); "!! THANK YOU !!": FOR i = 1 TO 3000: NEXT i: GOTO 290 1180 la = PEEK+PEEK(ia + s*2+1)*256: FOR i = la+ia TO la+ia+200: IF PEEK(i) = 0 THEN l = i-ia: GOTO 1200 1190 NEXT i: GOTO 290 1200 PR #1: line% = 10000: bl = i 1210 s = INT(ia/256): ss = (ia)-s*256 1220 PRINT line%; " LOMEM :"; ia+l+1 1230 PRINT line%+10; " POKE 16766, "; ss; ". POKE 16767, "; s; ": ad = "; ia 1240 PRINT line%+20; " FOR i = 0 TO " ; l; " : READ d: POKE ad+i, d: NEXT i": llne% = line%+30 1250 FOR i = 0 TO 1 STEP 16: PRINT line%; " DATA "; 1260 FOR t = 0 TO 15: IF t > 0 THEN PRINT ","; 1270 IF ia+i+t = bl THEN PRINT "O": GOTO 1320 1280 PRINT PEEK(ia+i+t); 1290 NEXT t: PRINT: line% = line%+10 1300 IF line% = 10550 OR line% = 11110 OR line% = 11670 THEN PR #0: GOSUB 1550 1310 NEXT i 1320 PRINT CHR$(13): PR #0: GOTO 290 1330 IF r% >= 4 AND d = 2 THEN r% = 0: d = 1: GOTO 590 1340 IF r% >= 4 AND d = 1 THEN r% = 0: GOTO 620 1350 ON r% GOTO 1360, 1380, 1400 1360 HOME: PRINT " SMARTKKY II", "SMARTKEY VI": PRINT: PRINT " DEL SHAPE &", " MORE" 1370 PRINT " GOTO MENU"; : GOTO 470 1380 HOME: PRINT " SMARTKEY III", "SMARTKEY VI": PRINT: PRINT " RESTORE ", "MORE" 1390 PRINT " SHAPE"; : GOTO 470 1400 HOME: PRINT " SMARTKEY IV", "SMARTKEY VI": PRINT: PRINT " PUT SHAPE ", "MORE" 1410 PRINT " IN MEMORY"; : GOTO 470 1420 HOME: FOR i = 1 TO 8: PRINT CHR$(7): NEXT: HOME: PRINT "THIS SHAPE", " SMARTKEY V": PRINT "CAN BE NO", : PRINT 1430 PRINT " LARGER", "DEL (OR) SAVE": PRINT , " LAST SHAPE"; 1440 GET w$: IF w$ <> CHR$(133) THEN 1440 1450 HOME: PRINT " SMARTKEY II", " SMARTKEY IV": PRINT: PRINT " DELETE", "SAVE": PRINT " LAST SHAPE". " LAST SHAPE"; 1460 GET w$ 1470 IF w$ = CHR$(130) THEN r% = 1: GOTO 670 1480 IF w$ = CHR$(132) THEN r% = 3: GOTO 790 1490 GOTO 1460 1500 HOME: FOR i = 1 TO 8: PRINT CHR$(7): NEXT: HOME: PRINT "THIS SHAPE", " SMARTKEY V": PRINT "TABLE IS", : PRINT 1510 PRINT " FULL ", "DEL SAVE": PRINT , " LAST SHAPE"; 1520 GET w$: IF w$ <> CHR$(133) THEN 1520 1530 HOME: PRINT " SMARTKEY II", " SMARTKEY IV": PRINT: PRINT " DELETE", "SAVE": PRINT " LAST SHAPE", " LAST SHAPE"; 1540 GOTO 1460 1550 HOME: VTAB 10: HTAB (31-19)/2: FLASH: PRINT "PLEASE CHANGE PAPER": NORMAL 1560 VTAB 23: PRINT " PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"; : GET w$ 1570 HOME: PR #1: RETURN
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